Hawthorn berry contains flavonoids, polyphenols, and procyanidinsi XA subclass of major flavonoids that is widely distributed in multiple parts of a plant. Benefit-Risk Assessment ofCrataegusExtract WS1442: An Evidence-Based Review. One review of 29 clinical studies with more than 5,500 people found that hawthorn was safe when used in recommended dosages. This plant may offer 2004;11 Suppl 1:36-9. Its best not to self-treat with hawthorn supplements if you suffer from this condition. In a 10-week study in 36 people with mildly elevated blood pressure, those taking 500 mg of hawthorn extract daily experienced no significant decreases in blood pressure, although they showed a trend toward reduced diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number of a reading) (16 Morelli V, Zoorob RJ. Great as a snack or breakfast and served with hot coffee or tea. Hawthorn is available in nonstandardized and standardized capsules and liquid extracts, along with tinctures and solid extracts. Dried hawthorn fruit contains antioxidants and digestion-improving agents that were found to accelerate gastrointestinal transit in mice (12). However, it mentions one study that indicated hawthorn worsened heart failure in study participants. 2000;50(7):613-619. A large new meta-analysis confirms that cranberry juice is effective in treating and preventing urinary tract infections in girls, women, and those at, New research suggests that eating around 7580 blueberries a day could help improve cognitive function, as well as some measures of cardiovascular, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. There are various species of hawthorn, many of which arefound in North America. The leaves, flowers, berries, stems, and even the bark of the plant are often used in herbal medicine to help treat heart disease, digestive issues, and more. Hawthorn flowers arered, pink or white. People with diabetes should talk with a doctor for further advice before consuming hawthorn. Another study conducted on hamsters found that the triterpenic acid in hawthorn extracts can lower plasma cholesterol levels (17). These Hawthorn Berry Muffins are a delicious and healthy treat that can be enjoyed any time of day. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. However, some people have complained about nausea, dizziness, headache, mild rashes, sweating, and cardiac and gastrointestinal symptoms. Its usefulness was discovered as early as the first century and it continues to be used today, the University of Maryland Medical Center reports. The berries contain fiber that acts as a prebiotic to feed your healthy gut bacteria.In one animal study, those treated with hawthorn extract reduced the transit time of food in the digestive tract. And, the hawthorn extract hadfewer side effects. New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, The Blavatnik Family Chelsea Medical Center, Heart - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Center for Asian Equity and Professional Development, Preparing for Surgery and Major Procedures, Herbs with Similar Side Effects as: Hawthorn. The tree appears as a small flowering shrub with small red berries. (18). The leaves, berries, and flowers of hawthorn are used to make medicine. Nitrates: These medications increase blood flow to the heart and taking Hawthorn together with them might increase the chance of dizziness or light headedness. StyleCraze believes in credibility and giving our readers access to authentic and evidence-based content. Medical term for shortness of breath caused by an infection in the respiratory system or an external factor such as high altitude. However, more studies are needed to understand this benefit of hawthorn berries in humans. Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, Hope JL, Robinson PA, Hassanein M, Simpson HC. in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, Use of Herbal Products and Potential Interactions in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases, Hawthorn leaf flavonoids alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by enhancing the adiponectin/AMPK pathway, Hypoglycemic effect of hawthorn in type II diabetes mellitus rat model, The effects of Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese hawthorn) on metabolic syndrome: A review. You should use hawthorn only under your doctor's supervision. Adverse-event profile of Crataegus spp. Additionally, hawthorn may interact with medications, so a person should be sure to talk with their doctor before consuming it. Helps Treat Angina. Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, Dominik R, Caughey M, Hinderliter AL. Eur J Heart Fail. The hawthorn group also showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure during physical activity. Tadi VM, Dobri S, Markovi GM, et al. Arzneimittelforschung. It improves the blood flow and oxygen supply of the heart and also enhances cardiac energy metabolism (5). WebHowever, the benefits of this herb are felt only after prolonged use, at least 4-6 weeks. Monk Fruit: Nutrition, Benefits, And Side Monk Fruit: Nutrition, Benefits, And Side Effects. She has a bachelors degree in biotechnology from Acharya N more. Walker AF, Marakis G, Morris AP, Robinson PA. You should talk with your health care provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this product. Your progress should always be monitored by your doctor. , The most effective dosage isn't currently known. Libby: Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Although there are hundreds of species of Crataegus, when people refer to the common hawthorn, they typically mean Crataegus monogyna. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. The hawthorn group experiencedgreater reductions in diastolic blood pressure. Read our, Uses of Lavender: Everything You Need to Know, 11 Popular Natural Remedies for the Common Cold, The Health Benefits of Oats (Avena Sativa), Vitamins and Supplements to Lower Blood Sugar, Benefit-Risk Assessment of Crataegus Extract WS 1442: An Evidence-Based Review, Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure, Hawthorn Extract Randomized Blinded Chronic Heart Failure (HERB CHF) trial, Promising hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: a randomized double-blind pilot study of mild, essential hypertension, Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial, Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial, Hawthorn Extract Alleviates Atherosclerosis through Regulating Inflammation and Apoptosis Related Factors: An Experimental Study, The New Healing Herbs, The Essential Guide to More Than 125 of Nature's Most Potent Herbal Remedies, Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow-mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial, Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract, Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: arandomisedcontrolled trial, Hawthorn Extract Alleviates Atherosclerosis through, Regulating Inammation and Apoptosis-Related Factors: An Experimental Study, A study of the comparative effects of hawthorn fruit compound and simvastatin on lowering blood lipid levels. Thiscan improve blood flow to the heart, making hawthornvery useful for angina. Make sure to consult your healthcare provider if you're considering the use of hawthorn in the treatment of a heart problem. In his book, "The New Healing Herbs," herbal expert Michael Castleman says to take one teaspoon of a homemade tincture every morning and evening for several weeks. Hawthorn has flowers thatgrow in small white, red or pink clusters. Tadic VM, Dobric S, Markovic GM, Dordevic SM, Arsic IA, Menkovic NR, Stevic T. Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Studies show that hawthorn berry can potentially help improve heart function and increase your ability to exercise after heart failure. Hawthorns proanthocyanidins are also believed to reduce tension of the blood vessel walls. 2008 Oct 15. However, scientists need to conduct more studies to clarify hawthorns efficacy and safety. Its gastroprotective effect was tested in rats with ulcers. For some users, hawthorn can cause nausea, upset stomach, fatigue, sweating, headache, dizziness, palpitations, nosebleeds, insomnia, agitation and otherside effects. Learn about the potential benefits of aronia. A subclass of major flavonoids that is widely distributed in multiple parts of a plant. Effects of hawthorn on the progression of heart failure in a rat model of aortic constriction. The NCCIH also states that hawthorn may cause side effects, including: Below are some of the most common questions and answers about hawthorn berries. Hawthorn berries also have traditionally been used to treat digestive issues, including constipation. What are OPCs? American Family Physicians. Individual hawthorn extracts that retailers sell will typically provide instructions on how often to take the preparation. WebHawthorn also seems to improve blood circulation and affect blood flow from the heart. The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice. Holubarsch Christian J. F., Wilson S. Colucci, Jaan Eha. Crataegus laevigata; Crataegus monogyna; Crataegus oxyacantha; Hedgethorn. 1. Cathy Wong is a nutritionist and wellness expert. The polyphenols in hawthorn berries help lower serum cholesterol levels (5). The berries are most frequently used, although the leaves and flowers possess beneficial qualities as well. Her work is regularly featured in media such as First For Women, Woman's World, and Natural Health. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) A number of studies conclude that hawthorn significantly improved heart function. Hawthorn is primarily noted for treating the following heart-related conditions. Olive Oil Vs. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), https://www.who.int/health-topics/antimicrobial-resistance, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9197671/, https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/hawthorn, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8069783/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8659235/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4586556/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275951/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29291866/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7047282/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124274/, New clues to slow aging? 2008 Sep 10;56(17):7700-9. The benefits of hawthorn berries can be attributed to their rich nutrients profile. Hawthorns antioxidant flavonoids improve blood flow, guard against blood vessel damage, and even help to dilate blood vessels. 2006 56(527):437-43. Generally, Hawthorn berry enhances heart, liver, and skin-related functions. Br J Gen Pract. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? 2003;10(5):363-369. People most commonly use hawthorn for chest pain, heart failure, blood circulation 4. With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. In another small-scale study conducted on 79 individuals with type 2 diabetes, a daily intake of 1200 grams of hawthorn extract for sixteen weeks along with prescription drugs was found to lower blood pressure (10). Medications for male sexual dysfunction (Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors): When used together with Hawthorn, it may result in blood pressure dropping too low. Intake of hawthorn berry is generally considered safe for many individuals. The health benefits of hawthorn berries could be associated with their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gastro-protective properties. Br J Gen Pract. Clinical efficacy of crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure NYHA class II. And, you should definitely speak to your doctor before incorporating hawthorn into your treatment plan. Rigelsky JM, Sweet BV. They grow in small white, red, or pink clusters. When the hawthorn berries fully ripen, they are typically red in color, butsometimes they are black. Decreasedblood flow to the heart causes chest pain known as angina. One of the largest benefits of consuming hawthorn berry on a regular basis is its ability to strengthen your cardiovascular system. (6), Here are just some of the many chemical compounds and nutrients found in hawthorn:(7), Hawthorn berry is best known for its helpful toningeffects on the heart. The berries, leaves, and flowers of the hawthorn plant have been used for medicinal purposes. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. Traditionally, the berries were used to treat heart problems ranging from irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, chest pain, hardening of the arteries, and heart failure. However, more studies are needed to understand this benefit of the hawthorn berry. Hawthorn has herbal properties that may have potential health benefits, and scientists have studied the plants effectiveness in treating various conditions. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. (4). Xu H, Xu HE, Ryan D. A study of the comparative effects of hawthorn fruit compound and simvastatin on lowering blood lipid levels. These includeheart failure, heart disease, angina pectoris, changes incardiac rhythm, and atherosclerosis. 3rd ed. Generally, Hawthorn berry enhances heart, liver, and skin-related functions. You can take two cups of hawthorn tea every day post your meals to help reduce anxiety. These rich berries have a tart, tangy taste and mild sweetness. 2009 Oct;11(10):990-9. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. Castleman, Michael. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000:182-192. WebHawthorn contains many substances that may benefit the heart. WebHawthorn is much valued in herbalism as an herb of the heart. Those who received hawthorn experienced improved blood flow to the heart and were also able to exercise for longer periods of time without suffering from chest pain. (. Hawthorn berry was also found to reduce the risk of sudden death due to heart-related issues (4). It is important to note any changes you feel while you are taking hawthorn. When Jesus was crucified, the crown of thorns Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased. We will explore more in the next section. Anecdotal studies suggest that hawthorn berry extract induces a slight but significant decrease in heart rate. This article explores the hawthorn plant and its fruit. But that is not all, so stick with the article till the end to unveil all other important benefits of Hawthorn berry. Expertise: Clinical Nutrition, Medical Nutrition Therapy, and Sports Nutrition, Silky has been practicing nutrition for more than 14 years and is an active member of the Indian Dietetics Association (IDA). Dahmer S, Scott E. Health effects of hawthorn. Extract. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Lets look closer at exactly how a tiny little hawthorn berrycan actually make huge improvements in many peoples health. She has a bachelors degree in biotechnology from Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, and a diploma in nutrition from Fab Academy. However, scientists must conduct more research to establish beneficial dosages and safety. As per studies, hawthorn can also interact with beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates (22), (23). J Clin Pharmacol. One of the best ways to start adding a moderate amount of hawthorn to a healthy lifestyle is having a cup of hawthorn berry tea. According to a 2016 study published in the journal Current Medicinal Chemistry, hawthorns powerful heart benefits come from its high polyphenolic content. The authors noted that researchers should further investigate hawthorn for potential diabetes treatments. There is little safety information about taking hawthorn if someone is pregnant or breastfeeding or chestfeeding. Dried flowers and leaves, up to 6g per day, can be steeped in tea for 10-15 minutes. (11)Hopefully more studies to back up hawthorns usage in lowering blood pressure are coming soon. 2019;25(2):108-115. doi10.1007/s11655-018-3020-4. These berries are edible. During the middle ages, people hung these berries on doorposts to keep away evil spirits. Pittler MH, Guo R, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure. After two months, the patients receiving 200 milligrams of hawthorn three times per day had an increased working heart capacity, as well as a reduction in symptoms. Hawthorn berry tea may lower blood pressure, improve bowel movement, and reduce stress and anxiety. (2), What makes hawthorn berries so medicinal? But other studies have shown no benefit. Early records indicate that the hawthorn tree was a symbol of love. A member of the rose family, hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) is a thorny, flowering tree or shrub native to temperate regions of Europe, North America, and northern Asia. Zick SM, Vautawa BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. (. The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. A scientific study published in The British Journal of General Practice had 79 type 2 diabeticpatients either take 1200 milligrams of hawthorn extractdaily or a placebo for a total of 16 weeks. (5), These flavonoids include OPCs. The plant is called by a variety of other names including haw, hawthorne, harthorne and English hawthorn. 2008;(1):CD005312. Crataegusspecies like hawthorn are native to temperate regions ofNorth American and Europe. While many hear butter and beef and immediately think of heart attacks Potassium is an important electrolyte and the third most abundant mineral in Daniel Fast: Benefits for Your Spiritual, Emotional and Physical Health, 15 Fermented Foods for a Healthy Gut and Overall Health, 9 Proven Black Seed Oil Benefits that Boost Your Health, L-Glutamine Benefits Leaky Gut & Metabolism, Chia Seeds Benefits: The Omega-3, Protein-Packed Superfood, Apple Cider Vinegar Benefits for Weight Loss, Skin Health, Cholesterol & More, Plant-Based Diet: Disease-Protective + Promotes Major Weight Loss, The Potential Benefits & Drawbacks of Tobiko (Plus Healthy Alternatives), CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid) Boosts Fat Loss & the Immune System, You Probably Have Low Potassium Start Eating These 15 Foods. Blueberries are considered a superfood, and can help maintain healthy bones, reduce blood pressure, manage diabetes, and ward off heart disease. They are. Add rose petals and cinnamon to the pot and cover it with a lid. Maybe. : a systematic review. All rights reserved. However, further research into them is necessary. In fact,hawthorn has been used to treat heart disease all the way back to the first century! Overdosing can result in low blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmias., Hawthorn may increase the effectiveness of some heart medications and interfere with others. Hawthorn berries are rich in several vitamins and plant nutrients (5). Hawthorn should not be given to children. If you are taking prescription or nonprescription medicines, talk to your health care provider before taking herbal supplements. Schandry R, Duschek S. The effect of Camphor-Crataegus berry extract combination on blood pressure and mental functions in chronic hypotension - a randomized placebo controlled double blind design. It appears to be their numerous flavonoids for starters. The antioxidants specific to hawthorn berries may benefit some cancers, heart problems, type 2 diabetes, asthma and premature skin aging. Common symptoms include blurred vision and dizziness. But they may cause side effects in some individuals. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Daniele C, Mazzanti G, Pittler MH, et al. The third group did aerobic exercise, plus they took a hawthorn extract. One trial in particular gave 78 patients with NYHA Class II heart failure a commercial preparation of hawthorn leaves and flowers. Include hawthorn berries in moderation in your diet to reap their benefits. Recommended dosages range from 160 to 1,800 milligrams a day in two or three divided doses for over three to 24 weeks, but it's believed that greater therapeutic effectiveness results from higher dosages. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Drug Saf. Most modern preparations use the leaves and flowers, which are believed to contain more flavonoids than the berries. Read about the many benefits of prickly ash. It is a member of the rose family (Rosaceae) belonging tothe genusCrataegus. Avoid taking hawthorn with digoxin (21). Performer 8: Best all-in-one male enhancement pill. Hawthorn is best known as a cardiotonic herb. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Antioxidants in hawthorn may help stop some of the damage from free radicals, especially when it comes to heart disease. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. In addition, the polyphenols in hawthorn berries help in lowering cholesterol levels. Antimicrobial substances may kill or prevent the growth of potentially harmful microorganisms. Common symptoms include blurred vision and dizziness. 2008 23;(1):CD005312. Hawthorn provided no symptomatic or functional benefit when given with standard medical therapy., Studies with hawthorn are conflicting for its effectiveness in reducing high blood pressure. However, this article will refer to these fruits as berries, as this is what people commonly call them. Herbs and dietary supplements in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Crataegus special extract WS 1442 induces an endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasorelaxation via eNOS-phosphorylation at serine 1177. Prosolution Plus: Best for premature ejaculation. Hawthorn berries can look fresh for two weeks if stored in a cool, dry place. Research confirms the heart-related Hawthorn berries are known for their numerous health benefits, including their ability to improve heart health and regulate blood pressure. After 12 weeks, the researchers found that the combination of aerobic exercise and hawthorn supplementation werean effective complementary strategy to significantly lower the risk of atherosclerosis and heart problems. (13). People have used hawthorn berries, leaves, and flowers for traditional herbal remedies for centuries. This hawthorn tincture recipe is based on a larger quantity recipe provided in the course. Am J Med. Hawthorn (Crataegus species) has been used to treat heart disease as far back as the 1st century. Am Fam Physician. Several chemical compounds in hawthorn berries have potential health benefits, especially for treating heart failure and other cardiac conditions. She has a masters degree in nutrition and dietetics and is a Certified Sports Nutritionist and Certified Diabetes more, Sindhu Koganti Certified Health & Nutrition Life Coach, Sindhu Koganti is a certified health and nutrition life coach and has over 6 years of experience in writing on health and wellness topics. Dasgupta A, Kidd L, Poindexter BJ, Bick RJ. Promising hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: a randomized double-blind pilot study of mild, essential hypertension. What did they find? DO NOT use hawthorn if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Herbs and Dietary Supplements in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure, Prospective, comparative cohort studies and their contribution to the benefit assessments of therapeutic options: heart failure treatment with and without Hawthorn special extract WS 1442, The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial, Hawthorn Extract Alleviates Atherosclerosis through Regulating Inflammation and Apoptosis Related Factors: An Experimental Study, Promising hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: a randomized double-blind pilot study of mild, essential hypertension, Procyanidins in crataegus extract evoke endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in rat aorta, Endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by hawthorn extract in rat mesenteric artery, Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial, Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, free-radical-scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of hawthorn berries ethanol extract, Chemical constituents, antioxidant and gastrointestinal transit accelerating activities of dried fruit of Crataegus dahurica, Hawthorn (Crataegus spp. 3. They help improve blood flow, metabolism, cardiovascular health, and nutrient absorption. Hudson, OH: LexiComp; 2000:456-457. Thisis huge for health since we know that inflammation is at the root of most diseases. 17 In another animal study using rats with stomach Hawthorn can create a powerful yet relatively safe heart medicine for oxygenating the blood, improving circulation, strengthening arteries, and clearing the mind. Seitan Nutrition: Benefits, Side Effects, Seitan Nutrition: Benefits, Side Effects, And How To Make It, 15 Benefits of Goji Berries, Nutrition, Side Effects, & Dosage, 10 Amazing Health Benefits Of Lily Of The Valley, 31 Benefits Of Prickly Pear Fruit For Skin, Hair & Health, 13 Home Remedies To Heal Leg Ulcers And Prevention Tips, Goji Berries Side Effects: 6 Ways They May Cause Harm, 6 Serious Side Effects Of Grape Seed Extract, 16 Amazing Benefits Of Soursop For Skin, Hair & Health, 15 Powerful Herbs For Weight Loss And Their Benefits, 14 Health Benefits Of Moringa, Nutrition, & Side Effects, Dried organic rose petals 1 to 2 tablespoons. Those taking hawthorn had lower blood pressure than those taking the placebo. Not The first study on hawthorn, published in 1896, reported on 43 patients suffering from various forms of heart disease who were treated with hawthorn with promising results.. In a study, the phenolic and flavonoid compounds in hawthorn berry extracts showed anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, anti-microbial, and free radical-scavenging properties (11). Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, Gaus W, Tendera M; Survival and Prognosis: Investigation of Crataegus Extract WS 1442 in CHF (SPICE) trial study group. This fiber content can also act like prebiotics, which improves your gut health by letting the good bacteria thrive in your stomach. OPCs are some of the most prevalentpolyphenolic substances found in plants. Another German study also showed that a hawthorn extract (LI132 Faros) worked nearly as well as a prescription heart failure drug (captopril). This 2016 study revealed that the hawthorn berry extract not only reduced overall high cholesterol levels, it alsonotably decreased LDL cholesterol, liver cholesterol and triglycerides as well as body weight. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005312.pub2, Zick SM, Vautaw BM, Gillespie B, Aaronson KD. Calming properties. Theresearch also shows that the extract of hawthorn berry is a free radical scavenger. Also keep in mind that the safety of supplements inpregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and those with medical conditions or who are taking medications have not been established.
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