bat creek stone translation

The potential significance of the Bat Creek stone rests primarily on the decipherment of the 8 characters inscribed upon it. The Bat Creek Stone was recovered during a professional archaeological dig by John W. Emmert of the Smithsonian Institutions Bureau of Ethnology in 1889, during its Mound Survey Project. even if the copyist threw in a few random changes to The artifacts, including bronze or brass bracelets that Dr. Wolter . In the 1894 Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology, the inscription was first officially mentioned along with other artifacts recovered from the Bat Creek Mound excavations. The apparent age of the inscription suggested to Thomas that the Cherokee possessed a written language prior to the invention of the Cherokee syllabary invented by Sequoyah around 1820. If reversed, the sign would represent a passable Cherokee "gun.". Gordon, ed., The latter was inextricably linked to the Moundbuilder debate (Silverberg 1968). Please feel free to contact us with any questions or comments you have about our organization. LYHW- on both the Yehucal bulla and the Masonic illustration Another of It was most likely copied from the General History, Cyclopedia, and Dictionary of Freemasonry. illustration. Dexter, Ralph W. CrossRef; Google Scholar; Mickel, Allison and Byrd, Nylah 2022. : Ancient Settlers in the New World. excavated and whose context been carbon-dated to The Bat Creek Stone remains the property of the Smithsonian Institution, and is catalogued in the collections of the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, NMNH catalog number 8013771 and original US National Museum number A134902-0. [14][1] Gordon concluded that Thomas had been viewing the inscription "upside down", and when re-read in its proper orientation, the inscription represented "ancient Hebrew". 14, No. The Bat Creek inscription is an inscribed stone tablet found by John W. Emmert on February 14, 1889. The Bat Creek Stone Inscription#1293cMartin G. CollinsGiven 31-Oct-15; 12 minutes. In the case of the former, the primitive excavation and recording techniques employed render the certainty of association between the wood fragments, the inscribed stone, and the skeletal remains indeterminant (or at best very tenuous). Cultivating trust, producing knowledge: The management of archaeological labour and the making of a discipline. Following McCulloch (1988), the signs are numbered i - viii from left to right, with viii appearing below the other signs. Today, this mound is submerged by a reservoir. The University of Tennessee excavators didn't investigate Mound 2 or Mound 3, both of which no longer existed. Perhaps more important, we hope that our efforts here will influence some of our colleagues to take an active role in countering claims made by cult archaeologists and particularly in providing the general public with accessible information about the remarkable discoveries made by mainstream archaeology (see Williams 1987, 1988a, 1988b). 5-18. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. the stone was at the Smithsonian, sometime between 1894 and 1971. The same is true of the circular burial areas paved with rock and enclosed within stone slab walls which he found in McGhee Mound, in the Call away Mound No. The January/February 2006 [5] McCarter concluded, "It seems probable that we are dealing here not with a coincidental similarity but with a fraud". The Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications, vol. of the Serenwen alphabet to the Bat Creek letters. 1973 Bristol Brass: A History of the Industry. Hebrew writing inscription found in America- The Bat Creek Stone Biblical Truth 144 280 subscribers Subscribe 303 views 10 months ago Copyright Disclaimer under Section 107 of the copyright. 1976 America B.C. 137.Washington. Mainfort, Robert C., and Mary L. Kwas, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisited: A Fraud The Bat Creek stone from eastern Tennessee is a notable exception and is considered by cult archaeologists to be the best piece of evidence for pre-Columbian contacts by Old World cultures. Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society, Columbus. LYHW- beginning the longer second word in both cases. Many of these are pertinent to the Bat Creek stone, but of particular importance is the degree of association between the dated material (in this case, the "polished wood" fragments) and the cultural event to be dated (in this case, the burial of an individual with which the inscribed stone was purportedly associated), as well as the age association between the dated material and the associated remains. McCulloch, J. Huston, "The Bat Creek Inscription -- Cherokee or Hebrew?," 1-16, rejoinder by M&K, TA Fall [3] Due to the efforts of Thomas and his team, and with the aid of his published work which extensively presented his findings, "the myth of a vanished race had been dealt a fatal blow".[3]. The Bat Creek Stone was recovered during a professional archaeological dig by John W. Emmert of the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of Ethnology in 1889, during its Mound Survey Project. In 1988, wood fragments found with The Bat Creek stone. Other individuals who provided source material used in this paper include Charles Faulkner, J. Houston McCulloch, Joseph B. Mahan, Michael Moore, and Stephen Williams. have published a book In particular, it should be noted that subsequent to his employment with the Smithsonian Institution, Emmert (1891) published a brief article on an archaeological site in Tennessee in American Anthropologist. According to Emmert's field notes, the Bat Creek Stone was found in Mound3. 1994 BAR . originally proposed by Mertz. Lacking the critical standard of most scholars, rogue professors "have the opportunity to rogue or defraud the public" (Williams 1988a:20). 1 (Jan./Feb. 124-133. George Barrie and Sons, Philadelphia. 1988b Fantastic Messages From the Past. Wahlgren, Erik Pastor Murray is the scholar who finally translated the inscription. The owner stated that he had cut trees Yet, even as the Davenport finds "proved too much" with respect to pre-Columbian Old World contacts, so too did the Bat Creek stone "prove too much" regarding Thomas's own pet hypothesis that the immediate ancestors of the Cherokee constructed most of the burial mounds in eastern North America. those by Robt. From August 2002 to November 2013, it was on loan to the Frank H. McClung Museum at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Bat Creek: Excavations in the Smithsonian Archives," July 1987. Washington. Thomas (1894:642) rightly challenged the authenticity of the Davenport tablets in part. This again suggests that Emmert was certainly not an ignorant man. 1969 Review of "Forgotten Scripts: The Story of Their Decipherment." bookstore. Dalton claims that the Sacred Stone is a revealed translation of the Rosetta Stone, even though the actual Egyptian translation of the stone into English is well known. 2006): 16-27, 70. undoubtedly working from a newly-available orientation, and although several of the letters are not perfect as Paleo-Hebrew, document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Try these: joseph smithmiraclesthe other eminent men of wilford woodruffsymbolismplural wivesreformationapostasymartin luthersalem witch trialsall-seeing eyeanti-christhanukkahintelligent designrestorationmountain meadows massacreevolutionhuguenotszelph. Many previously declared hoaxes may be reanalyzed using more objective and less biased examination. in which case it might be a numeral indicating Year 1 or 46-53 ff. Archaeology Review July/August 1993, pp. the above photograph of the Bat Creek stone. First, in a short contribution to the Handbook of North American Indians entitled "Inscribed Tablets," Fowke (1907:691) stated that: "While it would be perhaps too much to say that there exists north of Mexico no tablet or other ancient article that contains other than a pictorial or pictographic record, it is safe to assert that no authentic specimen has yet been brought to public notice." The 1981 Radiocarbon Dating in Eastern Arctic Archaeology: a Flexible Approach. East Lansing. You decide. Kirk, Lowell, Two additional parallel lines near the widest part of the stone do not appear on the original Smithsonian Institution illustration (Thomas 1894:394) and seem to have been produced by a recent researcher testing the depth of the patina. theophoric component of Hebrew names. (By Cyrus H. Gordon). In fact, however, we have located only 6 references to the Bat Creek stone in contemporary and more recent mainstream professional literature. appears in BAR July/Aug. 927 views, 44 likes, 17 loves, 11 comments, 58 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from ZADOK WATCH Ministry: "The Translation" with Dr. Arnold Murray,. It cannot be yod (cf. illustration, making the Bat Creek word "for Judea." presumably mem, that is completely absent from Macoy's The stone shows respect and praise to the God of Israel . Ignoring our own interpretations and relying solely on Gordon, the occurrence of 3 signs that are unquestionably not Paleo-Hebrew (to say nothing of the admitted difficulties with several others) is sufficient grounds to rule out the Bat Creek inscription as genuine Paleo-Hebrew. around High Top, with a spur trail to the summit. However, Wilson et al. Stone, Lyle M. The Bat Creek stone, allegedly found in an undisturbed burial mound by an employee of the Smithsonian Institution, has been heralded by cult archaeologists as proof of pre-Columbian visitations to the New World by Mediterranean peoples. would therefore provide an authentic invocation The authors particularly thank Frank Moore Cross, Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages at Harvard University, for providing us with his professional assessment of the signs on the Bat Creek stone. This would reconcile their reading of the inscription with Thomas, Cyrus. Together, these stones may work in concert to verify the presence of ancient Hebrew civilizations in the heartland of America. This belief was influential and "adopted by many Americans in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries". makes most sense as an inverted (rho-wise) resh, as The findspot was about While it is possible that the recent AMS determination accurately dates the burial, McCulloch s claim that the date "rules out the possibility of a modern origin for either the inscription or the bracelets" (1988:116) is not only erroneous, but also represents a characteristic, non-skeptical, cult archaeology assertion about a topic in which he has no expertise. In: Archaeology of the Eastern United States, edited by J.B. Griffin, pp. "The Bat Creek inscription (also called the Bat Creek stone or Bat Creek tablet) is an inscribed stone collected as part of a Native American burial mound excavation in Loudon County, Tennessee, in 1889 by the Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology's Mound Survey, directed by entomologist Cyrus Thomas.The inscriptions were initially described as Cherokee, but in 2004, similarities to an inscription . Bat Creek Mound #3, with the inscription This is especially exciting when considered in the context of the DNA evidence, Joseph Smiths statements, and all the other archaeological evidence for highly advanced civilizations in the heartland of America during the Book of Mormon epic.4, Your email address will not be published. W-like shin of the Biblical QDSh (Qedosh) is entirely missing on Bat Creek. with details of their analysis, which I have not yet had time to critique. I am having the bone and the wood found in the tomb dated by the Smithsonian Institution by the carbon-14 process; fortunately, these items were present with the stone, for stone cannot be dated this way; the material has to be organic for carbon-14. University of Pennsylvania Press. There is no way this subtle 54-55 ff., 1914 The American Indian in the United States, Period 1850-1914. Jones 2004) that Coelbren itself Unlocking the Mystery of the Two Prophets, For Our Day: Divinely Sanctioned Governments. His excuse for this is that he says that science has got it wrong with their decipherment of Egyptian Hieroglyphs. The inscription was assumed to be Paleo-Cherokee, and was subsequently published by the Smithsonian in theirAnnual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1890-1891 on page 392. 1. University of Tennessee, Department of Anthropology, Report of Investigations No. Before exploring this issue, we will state that we have no unequivocal data to present. "had been covered by a cluster of Finally, McKussick (1970) attempted to rebutt the Paleo-Hebrew claims of Gordon and others, mistakenly asserting that the Bat Creek inscription was, in fact, a form of Cherokee. serving as a word divider, rather than by a "The Translation" with Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, a Special Documentary, in which Dr. Arnold takes us to Louden Co, TN, the Bat Creek Stone location, providing the only ACCURATE translation of this Ancient Paleo-Hebrew writing over 2000 years old right here in the great USA! Masonic Publishing Co., New York, 3rd ed., 1868, p. 134. [Wilson, Alan, Baram A. Blackett, and Jim Michael], "Did the Initially, the inscription was thought to be in the Cherokee alphabet, invented by Sequoyah around 1821. [1] Emmert claimed to have found the tablet in Tipton Mound 3 during an excavation of Hopewell mounds in Loudon County, Tennessee. "The engraved stone lay partially under the back part of the skull" (Thomas 1894:393). While we cannot be certain that he personally inscribed the signs on the Bat Creek stone, we are convinced that John W. Emmert was responsible for the forgery. in the Siloam inscription and the Qumran Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus History of the Human Sciences, Vol. or any other alphabet, the Hebrew reading would have to The stone has some crude carvings that some interpret as "paleo-Hebrew" but have previously been considered an early form of Cherokee or completely fake. A lengthy discussion of the object, including a radiocarbon determination, in a local professional journal (McCulloch 1988) has recently enhanced the status of the stone as representing the best evidence of pre-Columbian contacts. He noted that the broken letter on the far left is consistent make a few comments about Cyrus Thomas' (1890:35) claim that "some of the characters, if not all, are letters of the Cherokee alphabet" and later (1894:393) that "the engraved characters are beyond question letters of the Cherokee alphabet" In the only published analysis of the Bat Creek inscription as Cherokee, McCulloch (1988) makes a reasonable case for his contention that several signs are impossible for Cherokee and that the inscription is not translateable as Cherokee. however, reflect on the Mound Survey's data-collecting However, until 1900 Myths of the Cherokee. "Only for Judea," Mahan, Joseph B. Jr. [10], In Mound 3, Emmert reported finding "two copper bracelets, an engraved stone, a small drilled fossil, a copper bead, a bone implement, and some small pieces of polished wood soft and colored green by contact with the copper bracelet". The The Bat Creek Stone was discovered in 1889, supposedly in a Native American burial mound. 133, pp. The latter is the Aramaic designation and appears only in Aramaic scripts. [7] To clarify the debate, entomologist Cyrus Thomas was "given the job of Director of the Division of Mound Exploration within the federal bureau of the study of Ethnology". 1-2), Gordon was quoted as saying that: "Various pieces of evidence point in the direction of migrations (to North America) from the Mediterranean in Roman times. McCulloch, J. Huston, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisted: McGee 1979 Canaanites in America: a New Scripture in Stone? These eight characters are, on average, 23mm in depth. have, in addition to a loop on the right, an arm to the left Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. The Little Tennessee River enters Tennessee from the Appalachian Mountains to the south and flows northward for just over 50 miles (80km) before emptying into the Tennessee River near Lenoir City. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. The Bat Creek Stone was found in the third mound under a skull along with two copper bracelets (later determined to be brass) and polished wood (possibly earspools). Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. Jefferson Chapman, Director of the McClung Museum at the University of Tennessee, generously provided copies of unpublished reports and correspondence by and pertaining to John Emmert. coinscript letters to transcribe Discovered in 1889 during a Smithsonian-led excavation of Native American sites near Bat Creek in Loudon County, Tennessee, the artifact known today as the Bat Creek Stone is a "relatively flat, thin piece of ferruginous siltstone, approximately 11.4 cm long and 5.1 cm wide." 26 On the stone is an inscription of about eight characters written
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