mclaurin v oklahoma summary

Gaines v. Canada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938), and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 332 U.S. 631 (1948), a statutory three-judge District Court held that the State had a Constitutional duty to provide him with the education he sought as soon as it provided that education for applicants of any other group. 29hQbwy3Lp 0000005810 00000 n But at the very least, the state will not be depriving appellant of the opportunity to secure acceptance by his fellow students on his own merits. Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. In a unanimous decision authored by Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, the Supreme Court reversed the lower courts decision. (a) The restrictions imposed upon appellant impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. McLAURINv.OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION et al. Such restrictions impaired and inhibited his ability to study, to engage in discussions, exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. WebPainter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents [both 1950]). McLaurin filed an injunction in federal court with the argument that the University of Oklahoma had denied him his rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. 0000067670 00000 n Messrs. Amos T. Hall, Tulsa, Okl., Robert L. Carter, Washington, D.C., for appellant. Omissions? 0000071802 00000 n (c) Having been admitted to a state supported graduate school, appellant must receive the same treatment at the hands of the State as students of other races. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Appellant, having been admitted to a state-supported graduate school, must receive the same treatment at the hands of the state as students of other races. We conclude that the conditions under which this appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws. But at the very least, the state will not be depriving appellant of the opportunity [339 U.S. 637, 642] to secure acceptance by his fellow students on his own merits. George McLaurin George McLaurin was the first African American student admitted to the University of Oklahoma. 1149], it appeared that appellant was admitted as a graduate student at the University of Oklahoma, but in the classroom was required to sit in a row specified for colored students; in the library, he was assigned a special table; and in the cafeteria he was required to sit at a table apart from other students. 87 F. Supp. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950). [3], McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents established that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited states from treating students differently on the basis of race. 848. Marian W. Perry and Franklin H. Williams were also of counsel. Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. 526. Such restrictions impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. University Thus, our second decision in the Brown case, 349 U.S. 294, which implemented the earlier one, had no application to a case involving a Negro applying for admission to a state law school. Although the court declared that the statute allowing officials to deny the student admission to the program was null and void, it refused to grant his request for an injunction, assuming that officials would follow the constitutional mandate in its order. Fred Hansen, First Assistant Attorney General of Oklahoma, argued the cause for appellees. However, McLaurin appealed and his case went to the U.S. Supreme Court. He wanted to have an education that was similar to his peers. McLaurin uses the same classroom, library and cafeteria as students of other races; there is no indication that the seats to which he is assigned in these rooms have any disadvantage [339 U.S. 637, 641] of location. No. Since McLauren did not have access to this aspect of his education, he was being denied an equal education to that of his peers. In apparent conformity with the amendment, his admission was made subject to such rules and regulations as to segregation as the President of the University shall consider to afford to Mr. G. W. McLaurin substantially equal educational opportunities as are afforded to other persons seeking the same education in the Graduate College, a condition which does not appear to have been withdrawn. A three-judge federal trial court determined that officials in Oklahoma had a constitutional duty to provide the plaintiff with the education he wanted as soon as they offered the same to students of any other race. The court did not believe that it was Constitutional to integrate different races and social classes. 0000062061 00000 n Sturdivant v. Blue Valley Unified Sch. (1941) 455, 456, 457, that the instruction of black students in institutions of higher education be "upon a segregated basis," however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for black students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. Footnotes The result is that appellant is handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. Hoping to earn a doctorate in education, he applied for admission to graduate study at Oklahoma's all The Civil Rights Movement Begins Age 12 The civil rights movement was a movement to enforce constitutional and legal rights for African Americans that the other Americans enjoyed. Heyne's factual allegations state a plausible claim against Manuel for violation of his right to equal, Geier, 801 F.2d at 805.Missouri ex rel. 1149, it was ruled that a state may not after having admitted a Negro student to graduate instruction in its state university afford him different treatment from other students solely because of his race. On the assumption, however, that the State would follow the constitutional mandate, the court refused to grant the injunction, retaining jurisdiction of the cause with full power to issue any necessary and proper orders to secure McLaurin the equal protection of the laws. 455. The following state regulations pages link to this page. It is said that the separations imposed by the State in this case are in form merely nominal. City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank, Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett, Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs, John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights, Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. 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Primary Document. (1950) 455, 456, 457. State-imposed restrictions which produce such inequalities cannot be sustained. That court held that such treatment did not violate the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment and denied the motion. The school authorities were required to exclude him by the Oklahoma statutes, 70 Okla. Stat. On the assumption, however, that the State would follow the constitutional mandate, the court refused to grant the injunction, retaining jurisdiction of the cause with full power to issue any necessary and proper orders to secure McLaurin the equal protection of the laws. The result is that appellant is handicapped in his pursuit of effective graduate instruction. 1, Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College, Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney, Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan. - Biography, Facts, Quotes & Accomplishments, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. (1950) Henderson v. United States Et. He was allowed to pursue his doctoral degree at the University of Oklahoma. All rights reserved. The proceedings below are stated in the opinion. He was solicited by the Comite des Citoyens (Committee of Citizens), a group of New Orleans residents who sought to repeal the Act. The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily abate individual and group predilections, prejudices and choices. D G zmS& endstream endobj 28 0 obj<>stream The amendment adds the following proviso to each of the sections relating to mixed schools: 'Provided, that the provisions of this Section shall not apply to programs of instruction leading to a particular degree given at State owned or operated colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the white race, where such programs of instruction leading to a particular degree are not given at colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the colored race; provided further, that said programs of instruction leading to a particular degree shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis.' Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. The student filed a complaint for injunctive relief, claiming that the statute was unconstitutional because it deprived him of equal protection of the laws. 87 F. Supp. The primary purpose of the 14th Amendment was to extend rights and protections found in the Constitution to the states. Pursuant to a requirement of state law, 70 Okla. Stat. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Ed., 87 F. Supp. 851 [ 94 L.Ed. WebGeorge W. McLaurin was an Oklahoma citizen and an African-American. Fred Hansen, First Assistant Attorney General of Oklahoma, argued the cause for appellees. McLaurin then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Heyne v. Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools. 0000005065 00000 n Id. Board of Regents v. New Left Education Project, Hart v. Community School Board of Brooklyn, Berry v. School Dist. Out of this came the "separate but equal" policies of the post-Reconstruction South. Discover the ruling of this important court case of 1950. Argued April 3, 4, 1950. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents Download PDF Check Treatment Summary holding that a state sponsored graduate school's disparate treatment of an admitted black 1161, 3 A.L.R.2d 441. Where conditions exist where a student of color is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws such circumstances theFourteenth Amendmentprecludes differences in treatment by the state based upon race. Case Summary of Sweatt v. Painter: An African-American law school applicant was denied admission into the University of Texas Law School solely because of his race. The case concerned a Black student who was treated differently than white students after being admitted to the graduate school at the University of Oklahoma. Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone. Argued April 3-4, 1950. 208, and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 1948, 332 U.S. 631, 68 S.Ct. Chief Justice Frederick Vinson delivered the opinion of the court. U.S. Supreme Court Cases: Study Guide & Review, Johnson v. Eisentrager: Case Brief & Summary, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Ruling of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents. 528; 1949 U.S. George McLaurin sued for equal protection under the 14th Amendment. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Decided June 5, 1950. 339 U. S. 640-641. Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1, 13-14 (1948). Appellant filed a complaint requesting injunctive relief, alleging that the action of the school authorities and the statutes upon which their action was based were unconstitutional and deprived him of the equal protection of the laws. Appellant [339 U.S. 637, 640] was thereupon admitted to the University of Oklahoma Graduate School. xb``c``nb`a`a`@ +s,p*X9 y g`4o@,``PPLJ1lacXq;_ MR endstream endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/ExtGState<>/Properties<>>>>>>> endobj 24 0 obj<> endobj 25 0 obj<> endobj 26 0 obj<> endobj 27 0 obj<>stream We conclude that the conditions under which this appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws. Individual users must determine if their use of the Materials falls under United States copyright law's "Fair Use" guidelines and does not infringe on the proprietary rights of the Oklahoma Historical Society as the legal copyright holder of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and part or in whole. WebThe school districts appealed, claiming that the federal courts did not have jurisdiction over education, but the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ultimately upheld McCormicks decision on April 14, 1947, ruling that the schools actions violated California law. 0000007159 00000 n His case set a precedent through which may laws regarding segregation were struck down. The amendment adds the following proviso to each of the sections relating to mixed schools: "Provided, that the provisions of this Section shall not apply to programs of instruction leading to a particular degree given at State owned or operated colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the white race, where such programs of instruction leading to a particular degree are not given at colleges or institutions of higher education of this State established for and/or used by the colored race; provided further, that said programs of instruction leading to a particular degree shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis." The judgment is, holding that a state-sponsored graduate school's disparate treatment of an African-American student based on race violated the Equal Protection Clause. This we think irrelevant. This page was last edited on 18 March 2023, at 15:55. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, (339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. McLaurin uses the same classroom, library and cafeteria as students of other races; there is no indication that the seats to which he is assigned in these rooms have any disadvantage of location. In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. Appellant, a Negro citizen of Oklahoma possessing a master's degree, was admitted to the Graduate School of the state supported University of Oklahoma as a candidate for a doctorate in education and was permitted to use the same classroom, library and cafeteria as white students. WebIn 1948, George McLaurin applied to the University of Oklahoma's master's degree program in education. his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession." WebO'Connor. WebCanada, 305 U.S. 337 (1938), and Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 332 U.S. 631 (1948), a statutory three-judge District Court held that the State had a Constitutional duty to In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. (a) The restrictions imposed upon appellant impair and inhibit his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession. At the time, an Oklahoma law made it a misdemeanor to operate, teach at, or attend an educational institution that admitted both white and black students. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education et al. The Court concluded that the conditions under which appellant were required to receive his education deprived him of his personal and present rights to the equal protection of the laws. The court denied McLaurin's petition. 851, present different aspects of this general question: To what extent does the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment limit the power of a state to distinguish between students of different races in professional and graduate education in a state university? trailer <]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 22 0 obj<>stream Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. A Black individual was admitted to the graduate school at the University of Oklahoma to pursue a doctorate in education. 0000071826 00000 n WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents is a case that was decided on June 5, 1950, by the United States Supreme Court holding that a state cannot treat a student differently on the 20 0 obj <> endobj xref 20 27 0000000016 00000 n WebMcLaurin v. Okla. State Regents for Higher Educ. McLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION et al. Upon suit filed by the applicant, the university tried to set up a separate facility for African-American law students. In its defense, the state of Oklahoma argued that the restrictions that officials had imposed on African American students were nominal, because the facilities had been made available to all students and the rooms assigned to the plaintiff had no disadvantages when compared with those used by other students. McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 87 F. Supp. This we think irrelevant. Held: the conditions under which appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws, and the Fourteenth Amendment precludes such differences in treatment by the State based upon race. To read more about the impact of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents click here. 526 (1948) McLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION et al. Subscribe Now. In this ruling and its companion case, Sweatt v. Painter, decided on the same day, the Supreme Court held that African American students must receive the same treatment as all other students in the realm of higher education. Decided June 5, 1950. WebMcLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents 2,513 views Jul 7, 2016 29 Dislike Share Save OU IACH 2.33K subscribers In this lecture, professor Kathryn Schumaker reviews the To remove these conditions, appellant filed a motion to modify the order and judgment of the District Court. Users agree not to download, copy, modify, sell, lease, rent, reprint, or otherwise distribute these materials, or to link to these materials on another web site, without authorization of the Oklahoma Historical Society. Pursuant to a requirement of state law that the instruction of Negroes in institutions of higher education be upon a segregated basis, however, he was assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for Negro students, was assigned to a special table in the library, and, although permitted to eat in the cafeteria at the same time as other students, was assigned to a special table there. Oklahoma Historical Society800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive, Oklahoma City, OK 73105 | 405-521-2491Site Index | Contact Us | Privacy | Press Room | Website Inquiries, Get Updates in Your Inbox Keep up to date with our weekly newsletter delivered straight to your inbox. Tech: Matt Latourelle Ryan Burch Kirsten Corrao Beth Dellea Travis Eden Tate Kamish Margaret Kearney Eric Lotto Joseph Sanchez. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Erica Shumaker Caitlin Vanden Boom Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. It further held that to the extent the Oklahoma statutes denied him admission they were unconstitutional and void. Appellant, a Negro citizen of Oklahoma possessing a master's degree, was admitted to the Graduate School of the state-supported University of Oklahoma as a candidate for a doctorate in education and was permitted to use the same classroom, library and cafeteria as white students. 0000001774 00000 n Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. It had two major clauses: due process and equal protection. George W. McLaurin applied to the University of Oklahoma but was denied entry because he was African American. WebOn January 14, 1946, the petitioner, a Negro, concededly qualified to receive the professional legal education offered by the State, applied for admission to the School of Law of the University of Oklahoma, the only institution for legal education supported and maintained by the taxpayers of the Oklahoma. Possible Related Names Pitt Pitz Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections, San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez, Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia, New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer. WebMCLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS, 339 U.S. 637 (1950) Reset A A Font size: Print United States Supreme Court McLAURIN v. OKLAHOMA STATE REGENTS Those who will come under his guidance and influence must be directly affected by the education he receives. - Discoveries, Timeline & Facts, Presidential Election of 1848: Summary, Candidates & Results, Lord Charles Cornwallis: Facts, Biography & Quotes, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand: Quotes & Biography, Who is Jose de San Martin? Appellant is a Negro citizen of Oklahoma. This case together with Sweatt v. Painter, which was decided the same day, marked the end of the separate but equal doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson in graduate and professional education. The removal of the state restrictions will not necessarily abate individual and group predilections, prejudices and choices. The following (as per The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition) is the preferred citation for articles:Alfred L. Brophy, McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950), The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=MC034. Read More opinion of Vinson In Fred M. Vinson to white persons only ( Shelley v. Kraemer, 1948). 0000062723 00000 n 0000002024 00000 n 87 F.Supp. McLaurin (plaintiff) was a Black citizen of Oklahoma. In 1950 a unanimous Supreme Court ruled that McLaurin had not received equal treatment as required by the Constitution. Name Meaning Pitts Linda Joan 1 English: variant of Pitt .2 Americanized spelling of German Pitz . Ballotpedia features 408,463 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. 0000004461 00000 n The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional under the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment to segregate McLaurin from his peers. The judgment below is reversed, p. 339 U. S. 642. 0000006506 00000 n African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1, 13 -14 (1948). In 2001, the Bizzell Memorial Library, the main library at the University of Oklahoma, was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in commemoration of this case. I feel like its a lifeline. In this case, we are faced with the question whether a state may, after admitting a student to graduate instruction in its state university, afford him different treatment from other students solely because of his race. 0000002961 00000 n 0000001634 00000 n Pp. However, the facilities and services used by African Americans were not equal to those of white Americans. McLaurin v. Oklahoma was one of the cases that helped to overturn Plessy v. Ferguson. Kenneth has a JD, practiced law for over 10 years, and has taught criminal justice courses as a full-time instructor. McLaurin filed suit in federal court in Oklahoma City. 851, 94 L.Ed. 0000000836 00000 n Download: About this Item Title U.S. Reports: McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, Oklahoma State Regents . Gaines v. Canada, 1938, 305 U.S. 337, 59 S.Ct. Using sweeping language, the Supreme Court acknowledged that, because American society was changing, discrimination based on race had no place in education. [1], The Supreme Court decided unanimously to reverse the decision of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. The amendment provided, however, that in such cases the program of instruction shall be given at such colleges or institutions of higher education upon a segregated basis [1]. 70 Okla. Stat. 854] the Supreme Court struck down "restrictions imposed by the state which prohibit the intellectual commingling of students," not social commingling or commingling generally. P. 339 U. S. 642. The U.S. Supreme Court was clear in its verbiage that a major part of education is the discussion and "comingling" of intellectual abilities. The federal court in Oklahoma City upheld the discrimination, observing that the Constitution "does not abolish distinctions based upon race . The Supreme Court reasoned that, under the Fourteenth Amendments equal protection clause, state officials had the legal duty to treat the plaintiff in the same manner as students of other races. He is now assigned to a seat in the classroom in a row specified for colored students; he is assigned to a table in the library on the main floor; and he is permitted to eat at the same time in the cafeteria as other students, although here again he is assigned to a special table. Dictionary of American Family Names Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006. The Fourteenth Amendment provides equal protection for citizens under the law. In the interval between the decision of the court below and the hearing in this Court, the treatment afforded appellant was altered. 70 Okla.Stat.Ann. To remove these conditions, appellant filed a motion to modify the order and judgment of the District Court. The ruling in McLaurin had major ramifications for both parties and went on to set a new precedent regarding segregation, especially with how it pertained to education. Held: The conditions under which appellant is required to receive his education deprive him of his personal and present right to the equal protection of the laws; and the Fourteenth Amendment precludes such differences in treatment by the State based upon race. In McLaurin, the Supreme Court found that an African-American student should be admitted to a white graduate school, and be treated like other students, because of the importance of his "ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and in general to learn his profession.". [1], Our society grows increasingly complex, and our need for trained leaders increases correspondingly. BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. United States District Court W. D. In the interval between the decision of the court below and the hearing in this Court, the treatment afforded appellant was altered. On June 5, 1950, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a public institution of higher learning could not provide different treatment to a student solely because of his/her race as doing so deprived the student of his/her Fourteenth Amendment rights of Equal Protection. Use this button to switch between dark and light mode. Robert L. Carter and Amos T. Hall argued the cause for appellant. p\!Y.Ebt9/ z ^tGG"w N8f,SYU*Vn/ 1149], the Court, in requiring that a Negro admitted to a white graduate school be treated like all other students, again resorted to intangible considerations: " his ability to study, to engage in discussions and exchange views with other students, and, in general, to learn his profession.".
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